1、肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子。如:
I’m a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom..
2、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子。如:
I’m not a student.
She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
☆小結(jié):
1)否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。
2)有動詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面,可縮寫成“isn’t,aren’t”,但am not 一般都分開寫。
3)沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。
4)上面三個助動詞要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而“did”只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用“did” 。
3、一般疑問句:
是指詢問事實(shí)的句子
此類句子必須用“yes”,或“no”來回答。
如:
Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
☆小結(jié):
一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上:
①把動詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號變成問號即可。
②沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號變成問號即可。
這三個助動詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而“did”只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用“did” 。
一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個詞是一致的。
4、特殊疑問句:
以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”來回答。
如:
What is this? It’s a computer.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
What does he do? He’s a doctor.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如:
how many(多少(數(shù)量)) how much(多少(錢)) how tall(多高)
how long(多長) how big(多大) how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小結(jié):
how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種句式搭配,
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have?
你有多少……?
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see?
你能看見多少……?
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there…?
有多少……?
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